Poliomyelitis: Some Aspects of the Disease in Aberdeenshire, with Special Reference to the Outbreak in 1947

In this Thesis I have made a study of Poliomyelitis in Aberdeenshire, where it first became a notifiable disease in 1913. In 1947, there occurred in Great Britain an outbreak of the disease of greater proportions than had ever been seen before. In that year, a total of eighty-one persons in the City and in the County of Aberdeen contracted it; all were admitted to the City Hospital, Aberdeen, and all were there examined by me personally. Firstly, in the Historical Section, I have tried to determine how long poliomyelitis has been present in Scotland generally, and in Aberdeenshire in particular. The incidence of the disease in both the City and County of Aberdeen since 1913 has then been cited, and the 1947 Aberdeenshire cases have been classified. Some Epidemiological Features of the disease, as they presented themselves in 1947 and in previous years, are then described, and a study made of its general behaviour - the places it visited, the people it attacked, and its effects upon them. Differential Diagnosis is then discussed in relation to five conditions simulating poliomyelitis which have been seen in Aberdeen. Finally, summaries of the case notes of all the 1947 Aberdeenshire cases of poliomyelitis have been set down in the Appendix, and two Maps have benn added showing the distribution of cases in the City and County of Aberdeen

BEHAVIORAL IMPLICATIONS OF COUNTER-CYCLICAL PAYMENTS AND BASE ACREAGE UPDATING UNDER THE 2002 FARM ACT

The introduction of counter-cyclical payments (CCPs) and a base acreage updating option under the 2002 Farm Act have potential supply response implications. To gain insight into the economic incentives and efficiency implications of these provisions, this paper presents the design of a 3-stage experimental market used to gauge the actual response of economic agents under conditions simulating those faced by U.S. farmers. When completed, the results of the experiment will be used to assess the impact of the CCP system and of policy uncertainty regarding future base-updating options, relative to a market revenue-only baseline.Agricultural and Food Policy,

CURRENT ISSUES AFFECTING TRADE AND TRADE POLICY: AN ANNOTATED LITERATURE REVIEW

This review provides a base of literature describing current issues and research on the impacts of lobalization and the industrialization of agriculture and recent approaches to analyze and model agricultural trade and trade policies. Three key factors of the survey are differentiated goods, global economic integration and international supply chain linkages. The review covers 182 publications, which are presented alphabetically by author with a brief annotation describing how it relates to the above criteria. The articles are also indexed by keyword. A brief summary highlights the documented literature and includes a series of issues for future discussion and research.International Relations/Trade,

Engine instrumentation and data analysis for ignition system testing

The charge ignition system is used to ignite the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber of a spark ignited internal combustion engine and is the subject of many ongoing research projects. As a means to quantify the performance of an ignition system, a 16 horsepower Briggs and Stratton V-twin engine has been instrumented and the necessary data analysis software developed. This test engine was used to monitor the performance of three different ignition sources. When the performance of these ignition sources was analyzed using the test engine, the differences in performance of the systems was evident in the calculated values for the engine\u27s exhaust temperature, specific fuel consumption, indicated mean effective pressure, and fuel conversion efficiency. The test engine also provided pressure versus volume traces, which provide a visual representation of the poor combustion caused by inadequate ignition sources

Comparative Growth and Survival of Juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)Cultured in Copper and Nylon Net Pens

Bio-fouling on net pens has been a major concern for the marine aquaculture industry. As cage systems increase in size, so does the surface area for the attachment of colonial organisms that create drag on the net, reduce water flow important to fish health, and increase operational expenses due to net cleaning. To solve this problem, the International Copper Association (ICA) has been developing copper alloy netting for sea cages. Copper netting has unique properties that minimize bio-fouling, reduce the risk of fish escapement, prevent predators from entering the net pen, and is recyclable. To test the alloy netting, an experiment was conducted to compare juvenile cod cultured in traditional nylon nets with cod grown in Seawire copper netting ([email protected]). Six, 0.78 m3 cages were each stocked with 200 Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) averaging 29 ± 2.2 g and grown for 4 months in coastal waters of New Hampshire, USA. Results of the study indicated no significant differences in cod growth, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), or Fulton’s condition factor (K) between the fish grown in the copper alloy and nylon nets. A chemical analysis was conducted on the cod and indicated no differences in copper levels in muscle, liver and gill tissues taken from the net treatments. Nylon nets with antifouling paint accumulated significantly more bio-fouling than the copper nets. Materials that were in direct contact with the copper netting (plastic cable ties) fouled heavily with hydroids indicating minimal leaching to the environment. This study describes some of the beneficial attributes of copper netting, however future studies need to be conducted over a longer period of time, on a larger scale, and in a more energetic environment to definitively test the utility of this new product

Bull Kelp Restoration Project at Hornby Island, BC, Canada

Bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, has declined sharply in recent decades in central Strait of Georgia (Salish Sea) due to factors that are not well understood. The Nile Creek Enhancement Society started a project in 2011 to study local ocean conditions at a natural kelp bed (south Denman I.) and at a restoration site (Maude Reef, Hornby I.) where culture techniques are being applied to re-establish bull kelp. The project was funded by Pacific Salmon Foundation initially, with volunteer involvement from Hornby Island Diving, support from Conservancy Hornby Island, and collaboration with Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Vancouver Island University Deep Bay Station and the Save the Kelp project of Gabriola Island. A kelp culture grid was installed at Maude Reef and two years of work on kelp growout and monitoring of the restoration site in comparison with the natural kelp bed has been completed. Diver observations and results of temperature and light intensity measurements at two depths at each site will be presented and discussed